Welcoming a newborn is a joyous occasion, but it may come with its share of concerns like noticing your baby’s skin has a yellowish tint. This common condition, called neonatal jaundice, affects nearly 60% of full-term babies and 80% of premature babies in the first week of life.
While neonatal jaundice is usually harmless, it can also be alarming.
It’s essential to know what to watch for and when to seek medical attention. Let’s explore why it happens, who’s at risk, and what you can do to protect your baby.
Why is neonatal jaundice common in newborns?
Newborn babies have a high number of red blood cells in their bloodstream, which are broken down and replaced frequently. What part of the body is responsible for processing the byproducts of this breakdown? The liver.
In newborns, the liver is not fully developed, making it less effective at removing bilirubin (a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells) from the blood. As a result, bilirubin can accumulate, causing your newborn to appear yellowish.
Who is at a higher risk of neonatal jaundice?
- Premature babies (born before 37 weeks)
- Babies with a blood type that’s incompatible with their mother’s
- Newborns with bruising or other birth-related conditions
- Infants who aren’t feeding well in the first few days after birth
- Family history of jaundice
- Babies with G6PD deficiency
Neonatal jaundice generally appears within the first 24 hours after birth.
Here’s what you can do to minimize the risk of severe neonatal jaundice.
Feed regularly
Frequent breastfeeding or formula feeding helps flush out bilirubin through urination and bowel movements.
Schedule Follow Up with Your Doctor
Visit your doctor within the first 7 days after birth. They may perform a bilirubin blood test to assess whether treatment, like phototherapy, is needed.
Look Out for Warning Signs
Watch for yellowing of the skin, especially if it spreads to the thighs, arms, or legs. Be alert if your baby appears lethargic, isn’t feeding well, or is losing weight rapidly.
What happens if neonatal jaundice is left untreated?
If severe jaundice isn’t treated, it can lead to kernicterus, a rare but serious condition that may cause:
- Brain damage
- Hearing or vision problems
- Developmental delays
- Organ damage
- Or in rare cases, death.
How is Neonatal Jaundice Treated?
Most cases of neonatal jaundice resolve naturally. For higher bilirubin levels, treatments include:
- Phototherapy
This safe and effective treatment uses ultraviolet light to break down bilirubin in the baby’s body.
- Exchange Transfusion
In rare and severe cases, the baby’s blood may be replaced to rapidly lower bilirubin levels.
Neonatal jaundice is common and often harmless when managed properly. By monitoring your baby’s health, feeding them regularly, and consulting a doctor as needed, you can ensure your little one stays safe and healthy during those precious early weeks of life.
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